Distributed Sources and Dynamical Scaling in Cosmol- Ogy

Distributed sources are included in the Einstein equations. Such modification of the general relativity provides a simple description of the accelerated expansion of the Universe with a dynamical scaling. Distributed sources can also be applied to more local cosmological phenomena, which defy conventional explanation. A possibility of superluminary effects is indicated. The Einstein equations for the general relativity have the form [1,2]: R ik − 1 2 Rg ik + Λg ik = − 8πG c 4 T ik (1) Here R ik is the Ricci tensor, R is the scalar curvature, g ik is the space-time metric tensor, T ik is the energy-momentum tensor, G is the gravitational constant, c is the velocity of light and Λ is the cosmological constant (CC). Einstein introduced CC to make the steady state cosmology, but later (after discovery of the expansion of the Universe) dismissed CC as his greatest blunder. Recent observations of the type Ia supernovae [3,4] suggest the accelerated expansion of the Universe (AU), which renewed interest to CC. However, there is a problem with Λ, which has dimension L −2. In the classical theory we can not construct a scale from G and c. In the quantum theory the Plank constant h leads to the Plank scale L P = (